RESUMO
Introduction: Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) presents a broad range of disorders including abnormal renal parenchymal development, disrupted parenchymal development, abnormalities of lower urinary tract, urinary collecting system. The knowledge of these anomalies will help the clinicians and surgeons during the procedures of kidney. The purpose of this article is to present one of the cases of renal hypoplasia and the review that highlights renal hypoplasia cases. Methodology: A vertical incision has been made in midline from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis encircling the umbilicus, another incision from pubic symphysis laterally up to the anterior superior iliac tubercle along the iliac crest to expose the abdominal cavity. Details of the position suprarenal gland and the upper poles of the kidneys and external appearance of kidneys in situ were noted. The arrangement of the attached structures such as the hilum with structures passing through, ureter, bladder, abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava were also noted and recorded. Observation and Result: The size of the left kidney was found small in comparison to right kidney. Coronal section of left kidney also showed a smaller number of renal pyramids, major calyces and minor calyces. Conclusion: The knowledge of anatomical variations of urinary system has a significant role for clinicians and surgeons for diagnosing diseases including congenital anomalies, radiological interpretations, procedures, surgical interventions and management of clinical conditions.
RESUMO
Sacrum is centrally located unpaired bone of pelvis which is composed of 5 sacral vertebrae. Superiorly itarticulates with 5th lumbar vertebra to form lumbosacral joint and laterally it articulates with hip bone to formsacroiliac joint. When 5th lumbar vertebra fuses with 1st sacral vertebra then it is called as sacralization andwhen 1st sacral vertebra gets separated from sacrum then it is called as lumbarization. 79sacra from thedepartment of Anatomy of MGM medical college and D. Y. Patil medical college, Navi Mumbai were studied to seesacralization. Out of 79 sacra in 14sacra(17.7 %) sacralization was observed.Out of 14 sacra, 4 sacra showedbilateral and complete sacralization, 5 sacra showed unilateral and partial sacralization and 5 sacrashowedincomplete fusion between L5 and S1 vertebra. Change in normal structure of lumbar vertebra andsacrum may lead to alteration in kinematics of lumbosacral region which may lead to compression of nerve andlow back pain. Knowledge regarding incidence of sacralization will be useful for radiologist and orthopaedicsurgeon while dealing with low back pain